Some Reflections on the Archaeological and Cultural Backgroundof the Southwestern Palaeohispanic Script
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36707/palaeohispanica.v25i1.723Keywords:
Iron Age, Necropoleis, Language, Conii, CeltsAbstract
Despite the scarcity of information on the archaeological contexts of Southwestern script, sufficient data exist to allow some characterisation of this phenomenon. The
epigraphic remains appear clearly associated both with “cist” cemeteries and with those linked to tumuli. By contrast, such epigraphic manifestations are absent from the “enclosure” funerary universe and from the “Orientalising” pit burials. Acknowledging the differences between the material culture of the territory of the inscribed stelae and that of other areas—also reflected in settlement contexts—some cultural considerations are drawn regarding this dichotomy.
Combining archaeological evidence with information from classical sources, the traditional association of this script with the Conii is questioned, and a stronger connection with the Celtics is preferred.
References
Alarcão 1993-1994: J. de Alarcão, “A Arqueologia e o Tempo”, Conimbriga 32-33, 1993-1994, 9-56.
Alarcão 1996: J. de Alarcão, “Os círculos culturais da Idade do Ferro no Sul de Portugal”, em: F. Villar e J. d’Encarnação (eds.), VI CLCP, Salamanca 1994, 19-36.
Alarcão 2001: J. de Alarcão, “Novas perspectivas sobre os Lusitanos (e outros mundos)”, RPA 4(2), 2001, 293-349.
Almagro-Gorbea 2004: M. Almagro-Gorbea, “Inscripciones y grafitos tartésicos de la necrópolis orientalizante de Medellín”, PalHisp 4, 2004, 13-44.
Almagro-Gorbea 2008: M. Almagro-Gorbea, “Medellín-Conisturgis: Reinterpretación Geográfica del Suroeste de Iberia”, Boletim da Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa, Série 126 (1-12), 2008, 1003-1009.
Arruda 2001: A. M. Arruda, “A Idade do Ferro pós-orientalizante no Baixo Alentejo”, RPA 4(2), 2001, 207-291.
Arruda 2005: A. M. Arruda, “O Iº Milénio a.n.e. no Centro e no Sul de Portugal: leituras possíveis no início de um novo século”, APort IV:23, 2005, 9-156.
Arruda 2007a: A. M. Arruda, Laccobriga, a ocupação romana na Baía de Lagos. Lagos: Câmara Municipal de Lagos.
Arruda 2007b: A. M. Arruda, “A Idade do Ferro do Sul de Portugal. Estado da investigação”, Madrider Mitteilungen 42, 2007, 114-139.
Arruda 2008: A. M. Arruda, “O Baixo Guadiana durante os séculos VI e V a. n. e., em: Jiménez Avila (ed.), Sidereum Ana I. El río Guadiana en época postorientalizante, Madrid 2008, 307-325.
Arruda e Cardoso 2015: A. M. Arruda e J. L. Cardoso, “A necrópole da Idade do Ferro do Vale da Palha (Calhariz, Sesimbra)”, Estudos Arqueológicos de Oeiras 22, 2015, 301-314.
Arruda, Covaneiro e Cavaco 2008: A. M. Arruda, J. Covaneiro, S. Cavaco, “A necrópole da Idade do Ferro do Convento da Graça, Tavira”, Xelb 8, 2008,141-159.
Arruda et al. 2011: A. M. Arruda, E. Sousa, C. Pereira e P. Lourenço, “Monte Molião: um sítio púnico-gaditano no Algarve (Portugal)”, Conimbriga 50, 2011, 5-32.
Arruda et al. 2017a: A. M. Arruda, R. Barbosa, F. B. Gomes e E. de Sousa, “La necrópole de Vinha das Caliças 4 (Trigaches, Beja, Portugal) et le monde funéraire de l’Âge du Fer à l’intérieur sud du Portugal”, em: S. Adroit e R. Graells (eds.), Architectures funéraires et mémoire: la gestion des nécropoles en Europe occidentale (Xe-IIIe siècles av. J.-C.), Venosa 2017, 95-107.
Arruda et al. 2017b: A. M. Arruda, R. Barbosa, F. B. Gomes e E. de Sousa, “A necrópole da Vinha das Caliças (Beja, Portugal)”, em: J. Jiménez Ávila (ed.), Sidereum Ana III. El Río Guadiana y Tartessos, Mérida 2017, 187-225.
Arruda, Covaneiro e Cavaco 2008: A. M. Arruda, J. Covaneiro e S. Cavaco, “A Necrópole da Idade do Ferro do Convento da Graça, Tavira”, Xelb 8, 2008, 117-135.
Bargão e Fernandes 2016: P. Bargão e D. Fernandes, “A necrópole de Pisões (Beja), em: J. Jiménez Ávila (ed.), Sidereum Ana III: El río Guaduana y Tartessos, Mérida 2016, 407-419.
Barros 2008: P. Barros, “Mértola durante os séculos VI e V a.C.”, em: J. Jiménez Ávila (ed.), Sidereum Ana I: El río Guadiana en Época Post-Orientalizante. Madrid 2008, 399-414.
Barros 2013: P. Barros, “Mértola, plataforma comercial durante a Idade do Ferro. A colecção de Estácio da Veiga”, em: A. M. Arruda (ed.), Fenícios e Púnicos, por terra e mar II, Lisboa 2013, 688-697.
Barros et al. 2005: P. Barros, G. Branco, C. Duarte e J. Correia, “A cista dos Gregórios (Silves)”, Xelb 5, 2005, 41-52.
Barros, Melro e Gonçalves 2013: P. Barros, S. Melro e D. Gonçalves, “A necrópole da Idade do Ferro da Abóbada (Almodóvar)”, em: J. Jiménez Ávila, M. Bustamante Álvarez, M. García Cabezas (eds.), Actas del VI Encuentro de Arqueología del Suroeste Peninsular, Villafranca de los Barrios 2013, 1157-1178.
Beirão 1986: C. de M. Beirão, Une Civilisation Protohistorique du Sud du Portugal (Ier Âge du Fer), Paris 1986.
Beirão 1990: C. de M. Beirão, “Novos dados arqueológicos sobre a epigrafia da I Idade do Ferro do Sudoeste da Península Ibérica”, em: F. Villar e J. Untermann (eds.), V CLCP, Salamanca 1990, 683-696.
Beirão e Correia 1990: C. de M. Beirão e V. H. Correia, “Novos dados arqueológicos sobre a área de Fernão Vaz”, em: J. Mangas e J. Alvar (eds.), Homenaje a José M.ª Blázquez, I, Madrid 1990, 285-302.
Beirão e Correia 1991: C. de M. Beirão e V. H. Correia, “A cronologia do povoado de Fernão Vaz”. Conimbriga 30, 5-11.
Beltrán Lloris 1973-74: M. Beltrán Lloris, “Nuevos elementos para el conocimiento de las escrituras antiguas del S. W. peninsular: la estela de Siruela (Badajoz)”, Caesaraugusta 37-38, 1973-74, 125-139.
Berrocal Rangel 1987: L. Berrocal Rangel, “La losa de Capote”, AEspA 60,1987, 61-73.
Calvo Rodríguez e Simão 2016: E. Calvo Rodríguez e P. Simão, “La Sepultura 38 de Quinta do Castelo (Salvada, Beja). Nota preliminar, em: J. Jiménez Ávila (ed.), Sidereum Ana III: El río Guaduana y Tartessos, Mérida 2016, 399-405.
Cardoso e Gradim 2006: J. L. Cardoso e A. Gradim, “A Necrópole da Idade do Ferro de Cabeço da Vaca (Alcoutim)”, Xelb 6, 2006, 203-226.
Cardoso e Gradim 2008a: J. L. Cardoso e A. Gradim, “O núcleo II da necrópole da Idade do Ferro de Cabeço de Vaca (Alcoutim)”, Xelb 8, 2008, 103-115.
Catarino 2002: H. Catarino, “Castelos e território omíada na kura de Osonoba”, em: Mil anos de Fortificações na Península Ibérica e no Magteb (500-1500): Actas do Simpósio Internacional sobre Castelos, Lisboa 2002, 29-44.
Cenáculo 1791: M. do Cenáculo, Cuidados Literários do Prelado de Beja em graça do seu bispado, Lisboa 1791.
Correa 1978: J. A. Correa Rodríguez, “Inscripción tartesia hallada en Villamanrique de la Condesa (Sevilla)”, Habis 9, 1978, 207-214.
Correa 1981: J. A. Correa Rodríguez, “Nota a la inscripción tartesia GM II”, AEspA 54, 1981, 203-209.
Correa 1985: J. A. Correa Rodríguez, “Consideraciones sobre las inscripciones tartesias”, em: III CLCP (Lisboa 1980), Salamanca 1985, 377-395.
Correa 1989: J. A. Correa Rodríguez, “Posibles antropónimos en escritura del SO. (o tartesia)”, Veleia 6, 243-252.
Correa 1990: J. A. Correa Rodríguez, “La epigrafía del Suroeste”, Arqueologia Hoje I, 1990, 132-145.
Correa 1992: J. A. Correa Rodríguez, “La epigrafía tartesia”, em D. Hertel e J. Untermann (eds.), Andalusien zwischen Vorgeschichte und Mittelalter, Köln-Weimar-Wien, 1992, 75-114.
Correa 2005: J. A. Correa Rodríguez, “Escritura tartesia”, em: G. Carrasco Serrano, J. C. Oliva Mompeán, Escrituras y lenguas del Mediterréneo en la antigüedad, Toledo 2005, 289-305.
Correa 2009: J. A. Correa Rodríguez, “Identidad, cultura y territorio en la Andalucía prerromana a través de la lengua y la epigrafía”, em: F. Wulff Alonso e M. Álvarez Martí-Aguilar (eds.), Identidades, culturas y territorios en la Andalucía prerromana, Málaga-Sevilla, 2009, 273-296
Correa 2021: J. A. Correa Rodríguez, “Consideraciones sobre tres topónimos prerromanos del sur de Portugal”, PalHisp 21, 2021, 353-368.
Correa e Guerra 2019: J. A. Correa e A. Guerra, “The epigraphic and linguistic situation in the south-west of the Iberian Peninsula”, em: A. G. Sinner y J. Velaza (eds.), Palaeohispanic Languages and Epigraphies, Oxford 2019, 109-137.
Correia 1990: V. H. Correia, “A expansão orientalizante na fachada atlântica peninsular: dados conhecidos e perspectivas”, TrabAntrEtn 30 (1-4), 1990, 177-192.
Correia 1993: V. H. Correia, “As necrópoles da Idade do Ferro do Sul de Portugal: arquitectura e rituais”, TrabAntrEtn 33 (3-4), 1993, 351-370.
Correia 1995-1997: V. H. Correia, “A epigrafia pré-latina de Bensafrim”, APort IV:13-15, 1995-1997, 181-209.
Correia 1996: V. H. Correia, A Epigrafia da Idade do Ferro do Sudoeste da Península Ibérica, Porto 1996.
Correia 1997: V. H. Correia, “Um modelo historiográfico para a Idade do Ferro do sul de Portugal e a sua arqueologia”, TrabAntrEtn 37 (3-4), 1997, 41-85.
Correia 2007: V. H. Correia, “Fernão Vaz: Um caso de estudo da paisagem rural do sudoeste no período orientalizante”, em: A. Rodríguez Díaz e I. Pavón Soldevilla (eds.), Arqueología de la Tierra. Paisajes rurales de la protohistoria peninsular, Cáceres 2007, 181-194.
Correia 2014: V. H. Correia, “A Escrita do Sudoeste da Península Ibérica: velhos dados, novas teorias e a sua importância para o estudo das antigas culturas hispânicas”, Portugália 35, 2014, 77-93.
Costa 1967: J. M. da Costa, “O tesouro Fenício ou Cartaginês do Gaio (Sines)”, Ethnos 5, 1967, 529-537.
Costa et al. 2019: M. Costa, A. M. Arruda, R. Barbosa, P. Barrulas, P. Vandenabeele e J. Mirão, “A Micro-Analytical Study of the Scarabs of the Necropolis of Vinha das Caliças (Portugal)”, Microscopy and Microanalysis 25(1), 2019, 214–220.
Costa et al. 2021: M. Costa, A. M. Arruda, L. Dias, R. Barbosa, P. Barrulas, P. Vandenabeele e J. Mirão, “An insight into the provenance of the Phoenician-Punic glass beads of the necropolis of Vinha das Caliças (Beja, Portugal)”, Archaeol. Anthropol. Sci. 13, 149 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-021-01390-5
Covaneiro, Cavaco e Freitas 2012-2013: J. Covaneiro, S. Cavaco, V. T. de Freitas, “Materiais cerâmicos pré-romanos provenientes do sítio da Bela Fria (Tavira)”, Promontoria 10, 2012-2013, 195-216.
Dias, Beirão e Coelho 1970: M. M. A. Dias, C. de M. Beirão e L. Coelho, “Duas necrópoles da Idade do Ferro no Baixo-Alentejo: Ourique. (Notícia preliminar)”, APort III série: 4, 1970, 175-219.
Dias e Coelho 1971: M. M. A. Dias e L. Coelho, “Notável lápide proto-histórica da Herdade da Abóboda - Almodôvar (primeira notícia)”, APort III série: 5, 1971, 181-190.
Dias e Coelho 1983: M. M. A. Dias e L. Coelho, “Objectos arqueológicos de um túmulo de incineração da necrópole proto-histórica da herdade da Favela Nova (Ourique)”, APort IV série: 1, 1983, 197-205.
Deus e Correia 2005: M. de Deus e J. Correia, “Corte Margarida. Mais uma necrópole orientalizante no Baixo Alentejo”, em: S. Celestino Pérez e J. Jiménez Ávila (eds.), El Período Orientalizante, Madrid, 615-618.
Domínguez de la Concha et al. 2005: M. C. Domínguez de la Concha, J. M. González Bornay, J. de Hoz, Catálogo de estelas decoradas del Museo Arqueológico Provincial de Badajoz, Badajoz 2005.
Eska 2014: J. Eska, “Comments on John T. Koch’s Tartessian-as-Celtic Enterprise”, JIES 42(3-4), 2014, 428-438.
Ferrer 2020: J. Ferrer i Jané, “Las escrituras epicóricas de la Península Ibérica”, PalHisp 20, 2020, 969-1016.
Ferrer 2021: J. Ferrer i Jané, “La escritura turdetana en el contexto de las escrituras paleohispánicas”, em: N. Moncunill Marti, M. Ramírez Sánchez (eds.), Aprender la escritura, olvidar la escritura: nuevas perspectivas sobre la historia de la escritura en el occidente romano, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 2021, 67-94.
Figueiredo e Mataloto 2017: M. Figueiredo e R. Mataloto, “Necrópoles rurais sidéricas do Baixo Alentejo setentrional: sociedade e mundo funerário nos Barros de Beja”, em: J. Jiménez Ávila (ed.), Sidereum Ana III. El Río Guadiana y Tartessos, Mérida 2017, 353-398.
Formosinho 1935: J. Formosinho, “Duas lápides inéditas”, Costa de Oiro 4, 1935, 11-12.
Gomes F. B. 2012, F. B. Gomes, Aspectos do Sagrado na Colonização Fenícia, Lisboa: UNIARQ.
Gomes F. B. 2014-2015: F. B. Gomes, “O mundo funerário da I Idade do Ferro no Sul do actual território português: notas para uma síntese”, AHist 66-67, 2014-2015, 47-62.
Gomes F. B. 2016: F. B. Gomes, Contactos culturais e discursos identitários na I Idade do Ferro do Sul de Portugal (séculos VIII-V a.n.e.): uma leitura a partir do registo funerário. Lisboa 2016. (Tese de Doutoramento, Universidade de Lisboa).
Gomes F. B. 2016-2017: F. B. Gomes, “A evolução dos rituais funerários da Idade do Ferro no Ocidente Peninsular: uma nova proposta de faseamento para a necrópole do Olival do Senhor dos Mártires (Alcácer do Sal)”, APort V série: 6/7, 2016-2017, 15-57.
Gomes F. B. 2021a: F. B. Gomes, “Reflexões sobre escrita, identidade(s) e memória(s) na I Idade do Ferro do Sul de Portugal”, PalHisp 21, 2021, 85-125.
Gomes F.B. 2021b: F. B. Gomes, “El vidrio prerromano en el Algarve (Portugal): el conjunto de la tumba de Corte de Père Jacques (Aljezur) en su contexto regional”, Onoba 2021, 9, 93-108.
Gomes, Sousa e Arruda 2023: F. B. Gomes, E. de Sousa e A. M. Arruda. “Changing Perspectives on the Phoenician Presence in the Mediterranean: Past, Present, and Future”, em: Images, Perceptions and Productions in and of Antiquity, Cambridge U. K. 2023, 99-201.
Gomes, M. V. 1990: M. V. Gomes, “O Oriente no Ocidente. Testemunhos iconográficos na Proto-história do Sul de Portugal: smiting gods ou deuses ameaçadores”, em: Estudos Orientais 1, 1990, 53-106.
Gomes, M. V. 1992: M. V. Gomes, “Proto-História do Sul de Portugal”, em: A. C. F. da Silva e M. V. Gomes, Proto-História de Portugal, Lisboa 1992, 99-202.
Gomes 2018: M. V. Gomes, “A epigrafia da I Idade do Ferro do Sudoeste Peninsular. A sua investigação durante o século XX”, Al-Ulya 20, 2018, 25-60.
Guerra 1998: A. Guerra, Nomes pré-romanos de povos e lugares do Ocidente peninsular, Lisboa 1998 (tese de doutoramento apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, inédita).
Guerra 2009, A. Guerra, “Novidades no âmbito da epigrafia pré-romana do Sudoeste hispânico” PalHisp 9, 2009, 323-338.
Guerra, Barros e Cortes 2021: A. Guerra, R. Barros, R. Cortes, “O Projecto ESTELA e os seus mais recentes resultados”. PalHisp 21, 2021, 127-148.
Hernández 1972: F. Hernández Hernández, “Inscripción ibérica hallada en Cañamero (Cáceres)”, Trabajos de Prehistoria 29, 1972, 295-297.
de Hoz 2010: J. de Hoz, Historia Lingüística de la Península Ibérica. I. Preliminares y mundo meridional prerromano, Madrid 2010.
Jiménez Ávila 2002-2003: J. Jiménez Ávila, “Estructuras tumulares en el Suroeste ibérico. En torno al fenómeno tumular en la Protohistoria peninsular”, BAsEspA 42, 2002-2003, 81-118.
Jiménez Ávila 2021: J. Jiménez Ávila, “El contexto arqueológico de la escritura paleohispánica del Suroeste peninsular”, PalHisp 21, 2021, 149-188.
Jordán Cólera 2024: C. Jordán Cólera, El legado escrito de los pueblos paleohispánicos (Tartesios, Iberos, Celtíberos, Vascones, Lusitanos…), Zaragoza 2024.
Kaufman 2015: T. Kaufman, Notes on the Decipherment of Tartessian as Celtic, Washington 2015.
Koch 2009: J. T. Koch, “A Case for Tartessian as a Celtic language”, PalHisp 9, 2009, 339-351.
Koch 2011: J. T. Koch, Tartessian 2: The Inscription of Mesas do Castelinho, ro and the Verbal Complex, Preliminaries to Historical Phonology, Aberystwyth 2011.
Koch 2013: J. T. Koch, Tartessian. Celtic in the South-west at the Dawn of History (2.ª ed. revista), Aberystwyth 2013.
Koch 2014: J. T. Koch, “A decipherment interrupted: proceeding from Valério, Eska, and Prósper”, JIES 42, 2014, 487–524.
Koch 2019: J. T. Koch, Common Ground and Progress on the Celtic Interpretation of the SouthWestern (S.-W.) Inscriptions, Aberystwyth 2019.
Lončarić et al. 2024: V. Lončarić, A. M. Arruda, P. Barrulas e M. Costa, “An Archaeometric Analysis of Black-Appearing Iron Age Glass Beads from Vinha das Caliças 4 (Portugal)”, Heritage 7(3), 2024, 1265-1297.
Luján 2020: E. Luján, “El Sudoeste de la Península Ibérica”, PalHisp, 20, 2020, 561-589.
Maia 1987: M. G. P. Maia, “Dois larnakes da Idade do Ferro do Sul de Portugal”, IV CLCP = Veleia 2-3, 1986, 223-242.
Maia 1988: M. G. P. Maia, “Neves II e a facies cultural de Neves Corvo”, Arquivo de Beja 2ª Série: 3, 23-42.
Maia 2003: M. G. P. Maia, “Fenícios em Tavira”, em: Tavira: Território e Poder, Lisboa 2003, 57-72.
Maia 2008: M.G.P. Maia “Reflexões sobre os Complexos Arquitectónicos de Neves-Corvo, na região central do Baixo Alentejo, em Portugal”, em: J. Jiménez Ávila (ed.), Sidereum Ana I. El Rio Guadiana en época post-orientalizante, Mérida 2008, 353-364.
Maia 1986: M. Maia, “Algumas reflexões em torno da cultura do Sudoeste”, em IV CLCP, Vitoria/Gasteiz 1986, 433-445.
Maia e Correa 1985: M. G. P. Maia y J. A. Correa, “Inscripción en escritura tartesia (o del SO.) hallada en Neves (Castro Verde, Baixo Alentejo) y su contexto arqueológico”, Habis 16, 1985, 243-274.
Martín Bravo 1999: A. M. Martín Bravo, Los orígenes de Lusitania. El I milenio a.C. en la Alta Extremadura, Madrid 1999.
Melro et al. 2009: S. Melro, P. Barros, A. Guerra, C. Fabião, "O projecto «Estela»: primeiros resultados e perspectivas", PalHisp 9, 2009, 353-359.
Miguel et al. 2019: L. Miguel, P. Albuquerque, L. S. Evangelista e M. Lourenço, “Trabalhos arqueológicos na necrópole sidérica de Mértola: resultado preliminar das sondagens diagnóstico”, Apontamentos de Arqueologia e Património 13, 2019, 41-46.
Oliveira 2007: C. F. P. P. de Oliveira, A cerâmica manual do Castelo de Castro Marim: século IX a III a.n.e.. Lisboa 2007 (tese de mestrado, Universidade de Lisboa).
Pastor González e Rubio Andrada 2003: V. Pastor González e M. Rubio Andrada, “Monumento funerario megalítico de la Barca, Valdecaballero (Badajoz) los grabados y la inscripción del SW”, em: XXXI Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura, Trujillo 2003, 389-428.
Pereira, A. 2018: A. R. M. Pereira, A salvaguarda do património arqueológico nos instrumentos de gestão territorial e regulamentos municipais do Algarve: dois estudos de caso. Lisboa 2018 (relatório de estágio, Universidade de Lisboa).
Pereira, C. 2014: C. Pereira, As necrópoles romanas do Algarve: acerca dos espaços da morte no extremo sul da Lusitânia. Lisboa (Universidade de Lisboa, tese de doutoramento inédita) 2014.
Pereiro, Mataloto e Borges 2017: T. do Pereiro, R. Mataloto e N. Borges, “Alentejo, a Sul de Beja: a necrópole sidérica da Quinta do Estácio 6”, em: J. Jiménez Ávila (coord.), Sidereum Ana III. El Río Guadiana y Tartessos, Mérida 2017, 303-331.
Polo e Valenciano 2011: J. Polo e M. J. Valenciano, Tholos del Cerro de la Barca, Mérida 2011.
Prósper 2014: B. Prósper, “Some observations on the classification of Tartessian as a Celtic language”, JIES 42, 2014, 468-486.
Rego, Guerrero e Gomez1996: M. Rego, O. Guerrero e F. Gómez, “Mértola: una ciudad mediterranea en el contexto de la Edad dei Hierro en el Bajo Guadiana”, em Actas de las I Jornadas transfronterizas sobre la contienda hispano-portuguesa, Aroche 1996, 9-132.
Rocha 1896: A. dos Santos Rocha, “A necrópole protohistórica da Fonte Velha, em Bensafrim, no concelho de Lagos”, Revista de Sciencias Naturaes e Sociais 4, 1896, 129-145.
Salvador Mateos e Pereira 2016: R. Salvador Mateos e J. A. Pereira, “A paisagem funerária a Oeste de Beja no Período Orientalizante: as necrópoles da Carlota (S. Brissos) e Cinco Reis 8 (Santiago Maior)”, em: J. Jiménez Ávila (ed.), Sidereum Ana III: El río Guaduana y Tartessos, Mérida 2016, 333-352.
Santos et al. 2009: F. Santos, A. S. Antunes, C. Grilo e M. de Deus, “A necrópole da I Idade do Ferro de Palhais (Beringel, Beja). Resultados preliminares de uma intervenção de emergência no Baixo-Alentejo”, em: IV Encuentro de Arqueología del Suroeste Peninsular, Huelva 2009, 746-804.
Schmoll 1961: U. Schmoll, Die sudlusitanischen Inschriften, Wiesbaden 1961.
Schulten 1922: A. Schulten, Fontes Hispaniae Antiquae, I. Avieno, Ora maritima, Barcelona - Berlin, 1922.
Soares et al. 2016: R. M. Soares, L. Baptista, R. Pinheiro, L. Oliveira, Z. Rodrigues, N. Vale, “A necrópole da Idade do Ferro do Monte do Bolor 1-2 (S. Brissos, Beja), em: J. Jiménez Ávila (ed.), Sidereum Ana III: El río Guaduana y Tartessos, Mérida 2016, 263-301.
Tovar 1969: A. Tovar, “El oscuro problema de la lengua de los tartesios”, em Tartessos y sus problemas: V Symposium Internacional de Prehistoria Peninsular, Barcelona 1969, 341-346.
Untermann1997: J. Untermann, Monumenta Linguarum. Hispanicarum, IV: Die tartessichen, keltiberischen und lusitanischen Inschriften. Wiesbaden 1997.
Valério 2014: M. Valério, “The Interpretative Limits of the Southwestern Script”, JIES, 42, 2014, 439-467.
Valério 2016: M. Valério, “Reflexões sobre a origem e formação da escrita paleo-hispânica do Sudoeste e o seu lugar na história dos sistemas de escrita”, Palhisp 16, 2016, 115-151.
Vasconcelos 1899-1900: J. L. de Vasconcelos, “Novas inscripções ibericas do Sul de Portugal: 2. Inscripção de Salir”, APort 5, 1899-1900, 40-42.
Vasconcelos 1927-1929: J. L. de Vasconcelos, “Novas inscrições ibericas do Sul de Portugal”, APort 28, 1927-1928, 205-208.
Vasconcelos 1930-1931: J. L. de Vasconcelos, “Os Cónios”, APort 29, 1930-1931, 168-170.
Veiga 1891: S. Ph. M. Estácio da Veiga, Antiguidades monumentais do Algarve. Lisboa 1891.
Viana, Formosinho e Ferreira 1953: A. Viana, J. Formosinho e O. da V. Ferreira, “De lo prerromano a lo árabe en el museo regional de Lagos”, AEspA 26, 1953, 113-138.
Wikander 1966: S. Wikander, “Sur la langue des inscriptions sud-hispaniques”, Studia linguistica 20, 1966, 1-8.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Amílcar Manuel Ribeiro Guerra

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Professional standards and ethical policies
a) Palaeohispanica’s editorial board
Details concerning the journal’s internal organization can be found at this website.
b) Authors’ responsibilities
As an implicit condition for publishing in Palaeohispanica, authors are expected to adhere to all the ethical and professional principles that are shared across all research fields and academic publications. By submitting a contribution for peer review, potential authors guarantee that their work is original, that it constitutes a significant contribution to its research field and has not been published elsewhere.
All submitted manuscripts ought to contain bibliographic references at the end of the paper as well as an indication of how the research that culminated in the article was funded.
Likewise, authors must agree to incorporate any relevant changes that peer reviewers suggest as well as to include any recommendations that the editorial committee includes in the manuscript’s proofs at the end of the editorial process.
The journal expects its authors, reviewers, editors and staff members to all conduct themselves professionally by treating others with respect and civility. Should any sort of untoward situation arise, such as (self) plagiarism, conflicts of interest or aggressive behaviour on the author’s part, the following actions will be taken:
- Plagiarism and the republication of articles
Plagiarism is defined as the reproduction of a text or other materials found in different publications without the original source being adequately cited. Accordingly, material can still be plagiarized even when it has been tweaked or paraphrased. Plagiarism constitutes a serious ethical violation; furthermore, there can be legal ramifications for violating an author’s rights in cases where the reproduced material has been previously published. Authors who want to cite published work must do so by including complete references to the original materials and by including any quotations within quotation marks. Graphs and images can only be reproduced with the express permission of the original author and must include a citation below said image or graphic according to the rules laid out on the journal’s website. If a peer reviewer or the editorial board detects any instance of plagiarism (whether of one’s own or another’s work), the manuscript will automatically be disqualified.
- Conflicts of interest
In most instances an individual who works at the same institution as an author or one of the co-authors is automatically barred from evaluating a potential contribution. The journal’s editors must always be aware of possible conflicts of interest and are required to recuse themselves from any decision-making process, whenever there is even the appearance of a possible conflict of interest.
c) The peer-review process
Palaeohispanica employs peers to evaluate externally all contributions, with this being understood as obtaining the opinion of an established expert over the merits of every potential contribution. In addition to completing the relevant form, reviewers are expected to suggest any pertinent bibliography that was not included in the original version of the manuscript.
Furthermore, the peer-review process is double blind, meaning that both authors’ anonymity as well as the reviewers’ impartiality and independence are guaranteed. Reader reviews will be treated with the utmost confidentiality. As is the case with all respectable research journals, the editors of Palaeohispanicawill not share with a third party the identity of a peer reviewer, the contents of his or her review or any correspondence resulting from the review process. Likewise, reviewers are required to adhere to the same strict standard of confidentiality: neither manuscripts nor the contents of any correspondence between an author and the editors can be shared with a third party without the written and express consent of the journal’s editors.
While strictly speaking authors are not held to the same standards (they can, for instance, solicit advice from co-authors and colleagues as they revise and amend a manuscript in accordance with the recommendations found in a reviewer’s report), the public airing of a reviewer’s report or of the correspondence with the editorial team constitutes untoward behavior. Any author who acts in such a way will automatically forfeit his or her right to the journal’s confidentiality.
- Aggressive behaviour
Should the editorial committee be made aware of any untoward behaviour on the author’s part towards external reviewers, other authors or the journal’s editors/staff, that author’s submission will immediately be withdrawn from the consideration process.
All participants in the publication process, including editors, authors, peer reviewers, and member’s of the journal’s staff are expected to meet basic standards of professional courtesy and to respect the fundamental rules and guidelines concerning the peer-review and publication processes. Under any circumstance, personal attacks and verbal assault (whether expressed orally or through writing) are completely unacceptable. Accordingly, the journal reserves the right to reject the contribution of any author who repeatedly violates these principles or refuses to cooperate with the editors and reviewers during the normal evaluation and publication processes.
d) Editorial ethics
The editorial team at Palaeohispanica will bring an end to any dishonest research practice by submitting every proposal to a careful review process that will begin before the selection of possible peer reviewers. Should anything questionable be detected, an author will be asked to provide relevant explanations and then be told to review his/her text so as to meet the journal’s quality standards. If an author does not make the requested changes, the manuscript will not be submitted for double-blind peer review and, accordingly, will not be published. The editorial board is always available to discuss and debate with authors any misunderstanding that could have given rise to such a situation.
e) Copyright and journal access
Journal content falls under the protection of licence Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA. Access the all journal content is open and free of charge.
f) Journal archive
Given that the Institución Fernando el Católico is an established and important publishing house, it is extremely unlikely that access to the journal’s contents could be compromised in anyway within the foreseeable future. The contents of Palaeohispanica will be stored in IFC’s servers even if the journal ceases to be published.
g) Ownership and management of the journal
The journal Palaeohispanica is edited and run by the institution «Fernando el Católico», an independent entity of the Excelentísima Diputación de Zaragoza.
Names and email addresses submitted to this journal will only be used for tasks related to the journal and will not be shared with any third party or used for any other purpose.
In accordance with the Regulation UE 2016/679, information gathered by the Institución Fernando el Católico de la Excma. Diputación de Zaragoza (IFC) will be used for carrying out the functions of an academic publication, the handling of claims, appeals, complaints, suggestions, surveys as well as any other activity involved in the management of the journal.
Cubic Factory is in charge of handling said data. They can be contacted at cubic@cubicfactory.com.
Data can be given to public agencies with the relevant competencies and in case of legal obligations.
Those who are interested can exercise their rights of access, correction, suppression, limitation of the use, opposition and portability by contacting ifc@dpz.es.
Users can also go to the Agencia Española de Protección de Datos to make any complaints that they feel is necessary.
User information will be kept during the period in which it is needed to complete the task for which said information was provided in the first place or for the period necessary to comply with any legal obligations. Once a given objective has been completed, personal data that is not part of fulfillment of public service will be blocked until the applicable period has ended.
Ethical and confidentiality policy of Palaeohispanica can be consulted here.
Privacy policy
Names and email addresses submitted to this journal will only be used for tasks related to the journal and will not be shared with any third party or used for any other purpose.
In accordance with the Regulation UE 2016/679, information gathered by the Institución Fernando el Católico de la Excma. Diputación de Zaragoza (IFC) will be used for carrying out the functions of an academic publication, the handling of claims, appeals, complaints, suggestions, surveys as well as any other activity involved in the management of the journal.
Cubic Factory is in charge of handling said data. They can be contacted at cubic@cubicfactory.com.
Data can be given to public agencies with the relevant competencies and in case of legal obligations.
Those who are interested can exercise their rights of access, correction, suppression, limitation of the use, opposition and portabilityby contacting ifc@dpz.es.
Users can also go to the Agencia Española de Protección de Datos to make any complaints that they feel is necessary.
User information will be kept during the period in which it is needed to complete the task for which said information was provided in the first place or for the period necessary to comply with any legal obligations. Once a given objective has been completed, personal data that is not part of fulfillment of public service will be blocked until the applicable period has ended.
The IFC’s privacy and data protection policy can be consulted at https://tiendaifc.dpz.es/Sites/dpz/paginasPersonalizadas/Modelo2/inicio.aspx. It can also be found in the journal’s the top navigation menu: http://ifc.dpz.es/ojs/index.php/palaeohispanica/dpd
Names and email addresses submitted to this journal will only be used for tasks related to the journal and will not be shared with any third party or used for any other purpose.
In accordance with the Regulation UE 2016/679, information gathered by the Institución Fernando el Católico de la Excma. Diputación de Zaragoza (IFC) will be used for carrying out the functions of an academic publication, the handling of claims, appeals, complaints, suggestions, surveys as well as any other activity involved in the management of the journal.
Cubic Factory is in charge of handling said data. They can be contacted at cubic@cubicfactory.com.
Data can be given to public agencies with the relevant competencies and in case of legal obligations.
Those who are interested can exercise their rights of access, correction, suppression, limitation of the use, opposition and portability by contacting ifc@dpz.es.
Users can also go to the Agencia Española de Protección de Datos to make any complaints that they feel is necessary.
User information will be kept during the period in which it is needed to complete the task for which said information was provided in the first place or for the period necessary to comply with any legal obligations. Once a given objective has been completed, personal data that is not part of fulfillment of public service will be blocked until the applicable period has ended.
Ethical and confidentiality policy of Palaeohispanica can be consulted here.