For a reinterpretation of REV(V)E in the context of the western Indo-European reality
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36707/palaeohispanica.v23i0.508Keywords:
REV(V)E, Storm god, fire, lightning, Indo-European context, mountains, watersAbstract
This text constitutes the embryo of a vast study on Reu(u)e, in preparation. In this preliminary and abbreviated version, we will focus on the question of the functional personality of Reu(u)e, a sovereign and celestial “Storm god”, a conditioning basic aspect of all other approaches. We will thus analyze epigraphic, archaeological and contextual evidence relating to this Lusitanian-Galician deity, interpreting them in comparison with other realities of the same type, better known, in the Western Indo-European context.
References
Araujo et al. 2016: P. Araujo Nespereira, J. A. Cid e I. Delgado, “Caracterización hidrogeológica y geotérmica del área termal de As Burgas (Ourense)”, in: J.M. Eguileta e C. Rodríguez (coords.), Aqua, Divi, Urbs: Agua, Dioses y Ciudad: Excavaciones Arqueológicas en As Burgas (2005-2010), Ourense 2016, 13-27.
Beck 1986: H. Beck, “Donar-Þórr”, in: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde 6, Berlin-New York 1986, 1-7.
Beekes 2010: R. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Leiden-Boston 2010.
Blanchard 2015: F. Blanchard, Jupiter dans les Gaules et les Germanies, Rennes 2015.
Búa 2000: J. C. Búa, Estudio Lingüístico de la Teonimia Lusitano-Gallega, Universidad de Salamanca 2000.
Búa 2009: J.C. Búa, “Hidronimia e teonímia”, in: D. Kremer (org.), Onomástica Galega II: Onimia e Onomástica Prerromana e a Situación Lingüística do Noroeste Peninsular, Santiago de Compostela 2009, 91-155.
Cardim 2014: J. Cardim Ribeiro, “Damos-te esta ovelha, Ó Trebopala! A invocatio lusitana de Cabeço das Fráguas (Portugal) [versão extensa]”, Conimbriga 53, 2014, 99-144.
Cardim 2016: J. Cardim-Ribeiro, “A inscrição lusitana de Arronches”, in: A. Carvalho, J. M. Álvarez e C. Fabião (coords.), Lusitania Romana. Origem de Dois Povos, Lisboa 2016, 34-39.
Cardim e Pires 2021: J. Cardim-Ribeiro e H. Pires, “Da fixação textual das inscrições lusitanas de Lamas de Moledo, Cabeço das Fráguas e Arronches”, PalHisp 21, 2021, 301-352.
Chapinal-Heras 2021: D. Chapinal-Heras, Experiencing Dodona, Berlin-Boston 2021.
Cook 1914-1940: A.B. Cook, “Zeus. A Study in Ancient Religion”, in: Zeus God of the Bright Sky; II: Zeus God of the Dark Sky (Thunder and Lightning); III: Zeus God of the Dark Sky (Earthquakes, Clouds, Wind, Dew, Rain, Meteorites), Cambridge 1914, 1925, 1940.
Correia 2010: M. J. Correia-Santos, “Inscrições rupestres do Norte de Portugal”, Sylloge Epigraphica Barcinonensis 8, 2010, 123-152.
Delamarre 20032: X. Delamarre, Dictionnaire de la Langue Gauloise, Paris 20032.
De Vaan 2008: M. De Vaan, Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden-Boston 2008.
Dumézil 1966: G. Dumézil, La Religion Romaine Archaïque, Paris 1966.
Fears 1981: J. R. Fears, “The Cult of Jupiter in Roman Imperial Ideology”, in: ANRW 2.17.1, Berlin-New York 1981, 3-141.
Fouet e Soutou 1963: G. Fouet e A. Soutou, “Une cime pyrénéenne consacrée à Jupiter: le Mont-Sacon (Hautes-Pyrénées)”, Gallia 21.2, 1963, 275-294.
Fournier 1980: P.-F. Fournier, “Jupiter cavalier au triton, Jupiter à la roue, dieu gallo-romain de la pluie”, Bulletin Historique et Scientifique de l’Auvergne 667, 1980, 213-246.
Garcia 1991: J. M. Garcia, Religiões Antigas de Portugal, Lisboa 1991.
Golosetti, 2014: R. Golosetti, “Les Alpes Occidentales, géographie du sacré d’un espace marginal à l’époque romaine”, in: V. Bernard e F. Favory (dir.), Silva et Saltus en Gaule Romaine, Besançon 2014, 115-129.
Golosetti, 2016: R. Golosetti, “Les sanctuaires des grands cols alpins: entre appropriation de l’espace de marges et zone liminale”, in: C. Bessin, O. Blin e B. Triboulot (eds.), Franges Urbaines et Confins Territoriaux. La Gaule dans l’Empire, Bordeaux 2016, 529-548.
González Rodríguez 2016: M.C. González Rodríguez, “As dedicacións a Revve Anabaraego no marco da relixión provincial da época altoimperial”, in: J.M. Eguileta e C. Rodríguez (coords)., Aqua, Divi, Urbs: Agua, Dioses y Ciudad: Excavaciones Arqueológicas en As Burgas (2005-2010), Ourense 2016, 57-73.
Green 1984: M. J. Green, The Wheel as a Cult-Symbol in the Roman-Celtic World, Bruxelles 1984.
Gricourt e Hollard 1991: D. Gricourt e D. Hollard, “Taranis, caelestiorum deorum maximus”, Dialogues d’Histoire Ancienne 17.1, 1991, 343-400.
Guérin-Beauvois 2015: M. Guérin-Beauvois, Le Thermalisme Romain en Italie, Rome 2015.
Hatt 1989: J.-J. Hatt, Mythes et Dieux de la Gaule: Les Grandes Divinités Masculines, Paris 1989.
Hejduk 2020: J. D. Hejduk, The God of Rome. Jupiter in Augustan Poetry, Oxford 2020.
Kovács 2017: P. Kovács, “Deities in Trajan’s and Marcus Aurelius’ column”, Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 68, 2017, 47-58.
Koch 1937: C. Koch, Der Römische Juppiter, Frankfurt am Main 1937.
Lambrechts 1949: P. Lambrechts, “La colonne du dieu-cavalier au géant et le culte des sources en Gaule”, Latomus 8.2, 1949, 145-158.
Langdon 1976: M. K. Langdon, A Sanctuary of Zeus on Mount Hymettos, Princeton-New Jersey 1976.
Lefort des Ylouses 1949: R. Lefort des Ylouses, “La roue, le svastika, la spirale comme symbole du tonnerre”, Comptes-Rendus de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres 93.2, 1949, 152-155.
Luján 2019: E. Luján, “Language and writing among the Lusitanians”, in: A.G. Sinner e J. Velaza (eds.), Palaeohispanic Languages and Epigraphies, Oxford, 2019, 304-334.
Luján 2022a: E. Luján, “Lengua y escritura entre los Lusitanos”, in: A.G. Sinner e J. Velaza (eds.) e V. Sabaté (trad. e rev.), Lenguas y Epigrafías Paleohispánicas, Barcelona 2022, 333-366.
Luján 2022b: E. Luján, “Sobre el teónimo lusitano Labbo”, Cuadernos de Filología Clásica. Estudios Griegos e Indoeuropeos 32, 2022, 11-21.
Martzloff e Machajdíková 2020: V. Martzloff e B. Machajdíková, “La deuxième ligne de l’inscription latine du duenos et l’interprétation du segment noise (védique nédati, lituanien Niedà, lusitanien Langanidaeigui, Langanitaeco)”, Graeco-Latina Brunensia 25.1, 2020, 113-137.
Matasović 2009: R. Matasović, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic, Leiden-Boston 2009.
Merlat 1960: P. Merlat, Jupiter Dolichenus, Paris 1960.
Nicolle 2018: R. Nicolle, Les Dieux de l’Orage Jupiter et Tarḫunna, Paris 2018.
Olivares 2000: J. C. Olivares Pedreño, “Los dioses soberanos y los ríos en la religión indígena de la Hispania indoeuropea”, Gerión 18, 2000, 191-212.
Olivares 2002: J. C. Olivares Pedreño, Los Dioses de la Hispania Céltica, Madrid 2002.
Parke 1967: H. W. Parke, The Oracles of Zeus, Cambridge-Massachusetts 1967.
Pedrero 2001: R. Pedrero, “Los epítetos del teónimo occidental Bandue/i”, in: VIII CLCP, Salamanca, 2001, 541-560.
Piccinini 2017: J. Piccinini, The Shrine of Dodona in the Archaic and Classical Ages, Macerata 2017.
Picot 2000: J.-C. Picot, “L’Empédocle magique de P. Kingsley”, Revue de Philosophie Ancienne 18.1, 2000, 25-86.
Picot 2012: J.-C. Picot, “Apollon et la φρην ερη και θέσφατος (Empédocle, fr. 134 DK)”, Anais de Filosofia Clássica 6.11, 2012, 1-31.
Prósper 2002: B. M. Prósper, Lenguas y Religiones Prerromanas del Occidente de la Península Ibérica, Salamanca 2002.
Prósper 2009: B. M. Prósper, “REVE ANABARAECO, divinidad acuática de las Burgas (Orense)”, PalHisp 9, 2009, 203-214.
Prósper 2021: B. M. Prósper, “The Lusitanian oblique cases revisited: new light on the dative endings”, in: J.A.G. Iglesias, J.V.M. Dosuna e B.M. Prósper (eds.), Curiositas nihil recusat: Studia Isabel Moreno Ferrero dicata, Salamanca 2021, 427-442.
Redentor 2013: A. Redentor, “Testemunhos de Reve no ocidente brácaro”, PalHisp 13, 2013, 219-235.
Rivault 2021: J. Rivault, Zeus en Carie, Bordeaux 2021.
Sánchez e Esteban 2021: E. Sánchez e J. Esteban, “Un testimonio del dios ‘Labbo’ en una inscripción lusitana de Plasencia, Cáceres”, Emerita 89.1, 2021, 105-126.
Sanzi 2013: E. Sanzi, IVPPITER OPTIMVS MAXIMVS DOLICHENVS, Roma 2013.
Scheid e Montremy 2008: John Scheid e J.-M. de Montremy, Jupiter et la Puissance de Rome, [Paris] 2008.
Simek 2000: R. Simek, Dictionary of Northern Mythology, Woodbridge Suffolk-Rochester New York 2000.
Smith 1922: J. R. Smith, Springs and Wells in Greek and Roman Literature, New York-London 1922.
Sterckx 2005: C. Sterckx, Taranis, Sucellos et quelques autres, Bruxelles 2005.
Taggart 2018: D. Taggart, How Thor Lost his Thunder. The Changing Faces of an Old Norse God, London-New York 2018.
Vallejo 2005: J. M. Vallejo, Antroponimia Indígena de la Lusitania Romana, Vitoria/Gasteiz 2005.
Vallejo 2013: J. M. Vallejo, “Hacia una definición del Lusitano”, PalHisp 13, 2013, 273-291.
Vallejo 2021: J. M. Vallejo, “La adquisición de la escritura en el Occidente romano: el caso lusitano”, in: N. Moncunill e M. Ramírez-Sánchez (eds.), Aprender la Escritura, Olvidar la Escritura. Nuevas Perspectivas sobre la Historia de la Escritura en el Occidente Romano, Vitoria/Gasteiz 2021, 147-160.
Vanséveren 1998: S. Vanséveren, “Indo-européen *dey-u-/*dey-n- ‘ciel’ et ‘jour’ ”, Historische Sprachforschung 111.1, 1998, 31-41.
Verbruggen 1981: H. Verbruggen, Le Zeus Cretois, Paris 1981.
Villar 1993-95: F. Villar, “Un elemento de la religiosidad indoeuropea: Trebarune, Toudopalandaigae, Trebopala, Pales, Viśpalā”, Kalathos 13-14, 1993-95, 355-388.
Villar 1996: F. Villar, “El teónimo lusitano Reve y sus epítetos”, in: W. Meid e P. Anreiter (eds.), Die grösseren altkeltischen Sprachdenkmäler, Innsbruck 1996, 160-211.
Wiblé 2008: F. Wiblé, “Les tablettes votives”, in: E. M. Vesan (ed.), Alpis Poeninna. Grand Saint-Bernard. Une Voie à Travers l'Europe, Aoste 2008, 93-107.
Zolotnikova 2013: O. A. Zolotnikova, Zeus in Early Greek Mythology and Religion, Oxford 2013.
Zolotnikova 2019: O. A. Zolotnikova, “In Dodone Iovis Fons”, Исторический Бюллетень 2.4, 2019, 65-75.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Professional standards and ethical policies
a) Palaeohispanica’s editorial board
Details concerning the journal’s internal organization can be found at this website.
b) Authors’ responsibilities
As an implicit condition for publishing in Palaeohispanica, authors are expected to adhere to all the ethical and professional principles that are shared across all research fields and academic publications. By submitting a contribution for peer review, potential authors guarantee that their work is original, that it constitutes a significant contribution to its research field and has not been published elsewhere.
All submitted manuscripts ought to contain bibliographic references at the end of the paper as well as an indication of how the research that culminated in the article was funded.
Likewise, authors must agree to incorporate any relevant changes that peer reviewers suggest as well as to include any recommendations that the editorial committee includes in the manuscript’s proofs at the end of the editorial process.
The journal expects its authors, reviewers, editors and staff members to all conduct themselves professionally by treating others with respect and civility. Should any sort of untoward situation arise, such as (self) plagiarism, conflicts of interest or aggressive behaviour on the author’s part, the following actions will be taken:
- Plagiarism and the republication of articles
Plagiarism is defined as the reproduction of a text or other materials found in different publications without the original source being adequately cited. Accordingly, material can still be plagiarized even when it has been tweaked or paraphrased. Plagiarism constitutes a serious ethical violation; furthermore, there can be legal ramifications for violating an author’s rights in cases where the reproduced material has been previously published. Authors who want to cite published work must do so by including complete references to the original materials and by including any quotations within quotation marks. Graphs and images can only be reproduced with the express permission of the original author and must include a citation below said image or graphic according to the rules laid out on the journal’s website. If a peer reviewer or the editorial board detects any instance of plagiarism (whether of one’s own or another’s work), the manuscript will automatically be disqualified.
- Conflicts of interest
In most instances an individual who works at the same institution as an author or one of the co-authors is automatically barred from evaluating a potential contribution. The journal’s editors must always be aware of possible conflicts of interest and are required to recuse themselves from any decision-making process, whenever there is even the appearance of a possible conflict of interest.
c) The peer-review process
Palaeohispanica employs peers to evaluate externally all contributions, with this being understood as obtaining the opinion of an established expert over the merits of every potential contribution. In addition to completing the relevant form, reviewers are expected to suggest any pertinent bibliography that was not included in the original version of the manuscript.
Furthermore, the peer-review process is double blind, meaning that both authors’ anonymity as well as the reviewers’ impartiality and independence are guaranteed. Reader reviews will be treated with the utmost confidentiality. As is the case with all respectable research journals, the editors of Palaeohispanicawill not share with a third party the identity of a peer reviewer, the contents of his or her review or any correspondence resulting from the review process. Likewise, reviewers are required to adhere to the same strict standard of confidentiality: neither manuscripts nor the contents of any correspondence between an author and the editors can be shared with a third party without the written and express consent of the journal’s editors.
While strictly speaking authors are not held to the same standards (they can, for instance, solicit advice from co-authors and colleagues as they revise and amend a manuscript in accordance with the recommendations found in a reviewer’s report), the public airing of a reviewer’s report or of the correspondence with the editorial team constitutes untoward behavior. Any author who acts in such a way will automatically forfeit his or her right to the journal’s confidentiality.
- Aggressive behaviour
Should the editorial committee be made aware of any untoward behaviour on the author’s part towards external reviewers, other authors or the journal’s editors/staff, that author’s submission will immediately be withdrawn from the consideration process.
All participants in the publication process, including editors, authors, peer reviewers, and member’s of the journal’s staff are expected to meet basic standards of professional courtesy and to respect the fundamental rules and guidelines concerning the peer-review and publication processes. Under any circumstance, personal attacks and verbal assault (whether expressed orally or through writing) are completely unacceptable. Accordingly, the journal reserves the right to reject the contribution of any author who repeatedly violates these principles or refuses to cooperate with the editors and reviewers during the normal evaluation and publication processes.
d) Editorial ethics
The editorial team at Palaeohispanica will bring an end to any dishonest research practice by submitting every proposal to a careful review process that will begin before the selection of possible peer reviewers. Should anything questionable be detected, an author will be asked to provide relevant explanations and then be told to review his/her text so as to meet the journal’s quality standards. If an author does not make the requested changes, the manuscript will not be submitted for double-blind peer review and, accordingly, will not be published. The editorial board is always available to discuss and debate with authors any misunderstanding that could have given rise to such a situation.
e) Copyright and journal access
Journal content falls under the protection of licence Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA. Access the all journal content is open and free of charge.
f) Journal archive
Given that the Institución Fernando el Católico is an established and important publishing house, it is extremely unlikely that access to the journal’s contents could be compromised in anyway within the foreseeable future. The contents of Palaeohispanica will be stored in IFC’s servers even if the journal ceases to be published.
g) Ownership and management of the journal
The journal Palaeohispanica is edited and run by the institution «Fernando el Católico», an independent entity of the Excelentísima Diputación de Zaragoza.
Names and email addresses submitted to this journal will only be used for tasks related to the journal and will not be shared with any third party or used for any other purpose.
In accordance with the Regulation UE 2016/679, information gathered by the Institución Fernando el Católico de la Excma. Diputación de Zaragoza (IFC) will be used for carrying out the functions of an academic publication, the handling of claims, appeals, complaints, suggestions, surveys as well as any other activity involved in the management of the journal.
Cubic Factory is in charge of handling said data. They can be contacted at cubic@cubicfactory.com.
Data can be given to public agencies with the relevant competencies and in case of legal obligations.
Those who are interested can exercise their rights of access, correction, suppression, limitation of the use, opposition and portability by contacting ifc@dpz.es.
Users can also go to the Agencia Española de Protección de Datos to make any complaints that they feel is necessary.
User information will be kept during the period in which it is needed to complete the task for which said information was provided in the first place or for the period necessary to comply with any legal obligations. Once a given objective has been completed, personal data that is not part of fulfillment of public service will be blocked until the applicable period has ended.
Ethical and confidentiality policy of Palaeohispanica can be consulted here.
Privacy policy
Names and email addresses submitted to this journal will only be used for tasks related to the journal and will not be shared with any third party or used for any other purpose.
In accordance with the Regulation UE 2016/679, information gathered by the Institución Fernando el Católico de la Excma. Diputación de Zaragoza (IFC) will be used for carrying out the functions of an academic publication, the handling of claims, appeals, complaints, suggestions, surveys as well as any other activity involved in the management of the journal.
Cubic Factory is in charge of handling said data. They can be contacted at cubic@cubicfactory.com.
Data can be given to public agencies with the relevant competencies and in case of legal obligations.
Those who are interested can exercise their rights of access, correction, suppression, limitation of the use, opposition and portabilityby contacting ifc@dpz.es.
Users can also go to the Agencia Española de Protección de Datos to make any complaints that they feel is necessary.
User information will be kept during the period in which it is needed to complete the task for which said information was provided in the first place or for the period necessary to comply with any legal obligations. Once a given objective has been completed, personal data that is not part of fulfillment of public service will be blocked until the applicable period has ended.
The IFC’s privacy and data protection policy can be consulted at https://tiendaifc.dpz.es/Sites/dpz/paginasPersonalizadas/Modelo2/inicio.aspx. It can also be found in the journal’s the top navigation menu: http://ifc.dpz.es/ojs/index.php/palaeohispanica/dpd
Names and email addresses submitted to this journal will only be used for tasks related to the journal and will not be shared with any third party or used for any other purpose.
In accordance with the Regulation UE 2016/679, information gathered by the Institución Fernando el Católico de la Excma. Diputación de Zaragoza (IFC) will be used for carrying out the functions of an academic publication, the handling of claims, appeals, complaints, suggestions, surveys as well as any other activity involved in the management of the journal.
Cubic Factory is in charge of handling said data. They can be contacted at cubic@cubicfactory.com.
Data can be given to public agencies with the relevant competencies and in case of legal obligations.
Those who are interested can exercise their rights of access, correction, suppression, limitation of the use, opposition and portability by contacting ifc@dpz.es.
Users can also go to the Agencia Española de Protección de Datos to make any complaints that they feel is necessary.
User information will be kept during the period in which it is needed to complete the task for which said information was provided in the first place or for the period necessary to comply with any legal obligations. Once a given objective has been completed, personal data that is not part of fulfillment of public service will be blocked until the applicable period has ended.
Ethical and confidentiality policy of Palaeohispanica can be consulted here.
