Del abjad fenicio al alfabeto griego y los semisilabarios paleohispánicos
Semejanzas y diferencias en el proceso de adaptación
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36707/palaeohispanica.v24i1.559Palabras clave:
abjad fenicio, alfabeto griego, semisilabarios paleohispánicos, historia de la escritura, acrofonía, lenguas paleohispánicasResumen
En este trabajo se hace un estudio comparado de la adaptación del abjad fenicio al alfabeto griego en el S. IX a. C. y a los semisilabarios paleohispánicos a partir del S. VII a. C., buscando argumentos para la discusión acerca de si la adaptación hispánica sufrió alguna intermediación helénica. Así como los alfabetos anatolios o itálicos, usados para diferentes lenguas, sabemos que no son adaptaciones directas del abjad fenicio, sino que han pasado un filtro “griego”, en el caso de la Península Ibérica, la investigación ha valorado tradicionalmente que la inspiración directa en un modelo fenicio es evidente, pero se ha mostrado dubitativa acerca de una posible interferencia de un modelo griego, con diferentes investigadores manifestándose de modo más o menos claro a favor o en contra de esta posibilidad. Para ello se analizan en detalle los procesos paralelos de generación de nuevas letras para sonidos no reflejados en la escritura fenicia y se estima hasta qué punto es verosímil que respondan a procesos independientes, alcanzándose la conclusión de que una hipotética intermediación griega no es demostrable y resulta de hecho poco probable.
Referencias
Adiego 1990: I.-X. Adiego, Studia Carica: investigaciones sobre la escritura y lengua carias y su relación con la familia lingüística anatolia indoeuropea. Tesis doctoral, Universidad de Barcelona, 1991.
Adiego 2007: I.-X. Adiego, The Carian Language, Leiden 2007.
Adiego 2020: I.-X. Adiego, “Adaptaciones del alfabeto griego”, PalHisp 20, 2020, 1017-1065.
Allen 1987: W. S. Allen, Vox Graeca: The Pronunciation of Classical Greek, Cambridge 1987.
Almagro Gorbea 2004: M. Almagro Gorbea, “Inscripciones y grafitos tartésicos de la necrópolis orientalizante de Medellín”, PalHisp 4, 2004, 13-44.
Benelli 2020: E. Benelli, “La formación de las escrituras alfabéticas en Italia central. Reflexiones sobre el caso del etrusco y otros alfabetos relacionados”, PalHisp 20, 2020, 103-128.
Castillo Pina 2006: F. Castillo Pina, “Algunas consideraciones en torno a la influencia griega en la conformación del signario ibérico oriental”, Iberia 9, 2006, 21-48.
Correa 1985: J. A. Correa, “Consideraciones sobre las inscripciones tartesias”, en: Actas del III Coloquio sobre lenguas y culturas paleohispánicas (Lisboa, 1980), Salamanca 1985, 377-95.
Correa 1989: J. A. Correa, “El origen de la escritura paleohispánica”, en: J. González (ed.), Estudios sobre Urso, Sevilla 1989, 281-302. Correa 1992: J. A. Correa, “La epigrafía tartesia”, en: D. Hertel y J. Untermann (eds.), Andalusien zwischen Vorgeschichte und Mittelalter, Colonia 1992, 75-114.
Correa 1996: J. A. Correa, “La epigrafía del sudoeste. Estado de la cuestión”, en: Actas del VI Coloquio sobre lenguas y culturas prerromanas de la Península Ibérica (Coimbra, 1994), Salamanca 1996, 65-75.
Correa 2005: J. A. Correa, “Del alfabeto fenicio al semisilabario paleohispánico”, en: Actas del IX coloquio sobre lenguas y culturas paleohispánicas = PalHisp 5, 2005, 137-154.
Correa 2009: J. A. Correa, “Reflexiones sobre la lengua de las inscripciones en escritura del sudoeste o tartesia”, PalHisp 9, 2009, 295-307.
Correia 1996: V. H. Correia, A epigrafia da Idade do Ferro do Sudoeste da Peninsula Ibérica, Oporto 1996.
Coulmas 1989: F. Coulmas, The writing systems of the world, Oxford 1989.
Daniels 1990: P. T. Daniels, “Fundamentals of Grammatology”, Journal of the American Oriental Society 110, 4, 1990, 727-731.
Darnell et al. 2005: J.C. Darnell, F. W. Dobbs-Allsopp, M. J. Lundberg, P. K. McCarter, B. Zuckerman y C. Manassa, Two Early Alphabetic Inscriptions from the Wadi El-Hôl. New Evidence for the Origin of the Alphabet from the Western Desert of Egypt, Boston 2005.
De Hoz 1985-1986: J. de Hoz, “El origen de la escritura del S.O.” Actas del III Coloquio sobre lenguas y culturas paleohispánicas (Lisboa, 1980), Salamanca 1985-1986, 423-464.
De Hoz 1986: J. de Hoz, “Escritura fenicia y escrituras hispánicas. Algunos aspectos de su relación”, en: G. del Olmo y M. E. Aubet (eds.), Los fenicios en la península ibérica, Sabadell 1986, 73-84.
De Hoz 1987: J. de Hoz, “La escritura greco-ibérica”, Veleia 2-3, 1987, 285-298.
De Hoz 1996: J. de Hoz, “El origen de las escrituras paleohispánicas quince años después”, en: Actas del VI Coloquio sobre lenguas y culturas prerromanas de la Península Ibérica (Coimbra, 1994), Salamanca 1996, 171-206.
De Hoz 1998: J. de Hoz, “La epigrafía de El Cigarralejo”, en: E. Ruano (coord.), Museo de “El Cigarralejo”, Murcia 1998, 219-24.
De Hoz 2005: J. de Hoz, “La recepción de la escritura en Hispania como fenómeno orientalizante”, en: S. Celestino y J. Jiménez (eds.), El período orientalizante. Actas del III Simposio de Arqueología de Mérida, Mérida 2005, 37-54.
De Hoz 2009: J. de Hoz, “La escritura greco-ibérica”, en: M. Olcina y J. J. Ramón (eds.), Huellas Griegas en la Contestania ibérica, Alicante 2009, 31-41.
De Hoz 2010: J. de Hoz, Historia lingüística de la Península Ibérica en la Antigüedad: I. Preliminares y el mundo meridional prerromano, Madrid 2010.
De Hoz 2011: J. de Hoz, Historia lingüística de la Península Ibérica en la Antigüedad: II. El mundo ibérico prerromano y la indoeuropeización, Madrid 2011.
De Hoz 2021: J. de Hoz, “Epigrafía fenicia y epigrafía palaeohispánica: la introducción de la escritura en el extremo occidente”, en: B. Costa Ribas y J.Á. Zamora López (eds.), Fuentes epigráficas fenicio-púnicas, Ibiza 2021, 51-74.
Faber 1992: A. Faber, “Phonemic segmentation as epiphenomenon: Evidence from the history of alphabetic writing”, en: P. A. Downing, S. D. Lima y M. Noonan (eds.), The Linguistics of Literacy, Amsterdam 1992, 111-134.
Ferrer i Jané 2017: J. Ferrer i Jané, “El origen dual de las escrituras paleohispánicas: un nuevo modelo genealógico”, PalHisp 17, 2017, 55-94.
Ferrer i Jané 2020: J. Ferrer i Jané, “Las escrituras epicóricas de la Península Ibérica”, PalHisp 20, 2020, 969-1016.
Ferrer i Jané 2021: J. Ferrer i Jané, “La escritura turdetana en el contexto de las escrituras paleohispánicas”, en: N. Moncunill y M. Ramírez-Sánchez (eds.), Aprender la escritura, olvidar la escritura, Vitoria 2021, 67-84.
Ferrer i Jané y Moncunill 2019: J. Ferrer i Jané y N. Moncunill, “Palaeohispanic writing systems: Classification, origin, and development”, en: A. G. Sinner y J. Velaza (eds.), Palaeohispanic Languages and Epigraphies, Oxford 2019, 78-108.
Friedrich y Röllig 1970: J. Friedrich y W. Röllig, Phönizisch – Punische Grammatik, Roma 1970.
García Alonso 2021: J. L. García Alonso, “Contestania en contexto”, en: J. A. González Iglesias, J. Méndez Dosuna y B. M. Prósper Pérez (eds.), Curiositas nihil recusat Studia Isabel Moreno Ferrero Dicata, Salamanca 2021, 157-178.
García Alonso 2022a: J. L. García Alonso, “Towards a Language Map of Southern Hispania: Onomastic Arguments”, Voprosi Onomastiki 19, 1, 2022, 45-65.
García Alonso 2022b: J. L. García Alonso, “On Palaeohispanic Scripts: The Story of their Decipherment”, Indo-European Linguistics and Classical Philology 26, 2022, 262-276.
García Alonso 2023: J. L. García Alonso, “The SW of ancient Hispania in its linguistic and epigraphic context”, Journal of Celtic Linguistics 24, 1, 2023, 35-84.
Gardiner 1916: A. Gardiner, Notes on the story of Sinuhe, París 1916.
Gnanadesikan 2009: A. E. Gnanadesikan, The writing revolution: Cuneiform to the Internet, Malden (MA) 2009.
Gnanadesikan 2017: A. E. Gnanadesikan, “Towards a typology of phonemic scripts”, Writing Systems Research 9 (1), 2017, 1-22.
Goldwasser 2006: O. Goldwasser, “On the New Definition of Classifier Languages and Scripts”, Lingua Aegyptia 14, 2006, 473–484.
Gómez Moreno 1922: M. Gómez Moreno, “De epigrafía ibérica. El plomo de Alcoy”, Revista de Filología Española 9, 1922, 341-366.
Hackett 2008: J. A. Hackett, “Phoenician and Punic”, en: R. D. Woodard (ed.), The Ancient Languages of Syria-Palestine and Arabia, Cambridge 2008, 82-102.
Hamilton 2006: G. J. Hamilton, The Origins of the West Semitic Alphabet in Egyptian Scripts, Washington 2006.
Jeffery 1961: L. H. Jeffery, The local scripts of archaic Greece, Oxford 1961.
Jordán Cólera 2005: C. Jordán Cólera, “¿Sistema dual en celtibérico?”, PalHisp 5, 2005, 1013-1030.
Jordán Cólera 2007: C. Jordán Cólera, “Estudios sobre el sistema dual de escritura en epigrafía no monetal celtibérica”, PalHisp 7, 2007, 101-142.
Jordán Cólera 2017: C. Jordán Cólera, “Sistema dual y redundante en celibérico”, PalHisp 17, 2017, 315-327.
Kirchhoff 1867: A. Kirchhoff, Studien zur geschichte des griechischen alphabets, Berlín 1867.
Maluquer de Motes 1968: J. Maluquer de Motes, Epigrafía prelatina de la península ibérica, Barcelona 1968.
Obrador Cursach 2020: B. Obrador Cursach, The Phrygian Language, Leiden-Boston 2020.
Parker y Steele 2021: R. Parker y Ph. M. Steele (eds.), The Early Greek Alphabets: Origin, Diffusion, Uses, Oxford 2021.
Petrie 1906; Petrie, W. M. Flindres, Researches in Sinai, Nueva York 1906.
Rodríguez Ramos 2000: J. Rodríguez Ramos, “Sobre la geminación gráfica de signos vocálicos en la escritura sudlusitano-tartésica”, Veleia 17, 2000, 147-152.
Rodríguez Ramos 2002: J. Rodríguez Ramos, “La escritura ibérica meridional”, Zephyrus 55, 2002, 231-45.
Rodríguez Ramos 2004: J. Rodríguez Ramos, “Sobre los fonemas sibilantes de la lengua íbera”, Habis 35, 2004, 135-150.
Rollston 2020: Ch. Rollston, “The emergence of Alphabetic Scripts”, en: R. Hasselbach‐Andee (ed.), A Companion to Ancient Near East Languages, Hoboken (NJ) 2020, 65-82.
Sass 1988: B. Sass, The Genesis of the Alphabet and its Development in the Second Millenium BC, Wiesbaden 1988.
Segert 1976: S. Segert, A grammar of Phoenician and Punic, Munich 1976.
Segert 1997: S. Segert, “Phoenician and Punic phonology”, en: A. S. Kaye y P. T. Daniels (eds.), Phonologies of Asia and Africa: (including the Caucasus), Winona Lake 1997, 55-64.
Trigger 2004: B. Trigger, “Writing systems: A case study in cultural evolution”, en: S. Houston (ed.), The first writing, Cambridge 2004, 39-69.
Untermann 1975: J. Untermann, Monumenta Linguarum Hispanicarum. I Die Münzlegenden, Wiesbaden 1975.
Untermann 1980: J. Untermann, Monumenta Linguarum Hispanicarum. II Die iberischen Inschriften aus Südfrankreich, Wiesbaden 1980.
Untermann 1990: J. Untermann, Monumenta Linguarum Hispanicarum. III Die iberischen Inschriften aus Spanien, Wiesbaden 1990.
Untermann 1997: J. Untermann, Monumenta Linguarum Hispanicarum. IV Die tartessischen, keltiberischen und lusitanischen Inschriften, Wiesbaden 1997.
Valério 2008: M. Valério, “Origin and development of the Palaeohispanic scripts: the orthography and phonology of the Southwestern alphabet”, RPA 11.2, 2008, 107-128.
Wachter2021: R. Wachter, “The Genesis of the Local Alphabets of Archaic Greece”, en: R. Parker y Ph. M. Steele (eds.), The Early Greek Alphabets, Oxford 2021, 21-31.
Woodard 1997: R. D. Woodard, Greek writing from Knossos to Homer: a linguistic interpretation of the origin of the Greek alphabet and the continuity of ancient Greek literacy, Oxford 1997.
Woodard 2010: R. D. Woodard, “Phoinikeia Grammata: An Alphabet for the Greek Language”, en: E. J. Bakker (ed.), A Companion to the Ancient Greek Language, Malden-Oxford 2010, 25-46.
Woudhuizen 1984: F. C. Woudhuizen, “Origins of the Sidetic Script”, Talanta. Publications of the Dutch Archaeological and Historical Society 16-17, 1984, 115-127.
Zinko y Zinko 2019: Ch. Zinko y M. Zinko, “Sidetisch – Ein Update zu Schrift und Sprache”, en: R. I. Kim, J. Mynářová y P. Pavúk (eds.), Hrozný and Hittite: the first hundred years : proceedings of the International Conference held at Charles University, Prague, 11-14 November 2015, Leiden 2019, 416–432.
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2024 Palaeohispanica. Revista sobre lenguas y culturas de la Hispania Antigua
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Professional standards and ethical policies
a) Palaeohispanica’s editorial board
Details concerning the journal’s internal organization can be found at this website.
b) Authors’ responsibilities
As an implicit condition for publishing in Palaeohispanica, authors are expected to adhere to all the ethical and professional principles that are shared across all research fields and academic publications. By submitting a contribution for peer review, potential authors guarantee that their work is original, that it constitutes a significant contribution to its research field and has not been published elsewhere.
All submitted manuscripts ought to contain bibliographic references at the end of the paper as well as an indication of how the research that culminated in the article was funded.
Likewise, authors must agree to incorporate any relevant changes that peer reviewers suggest as well as to include any recommendations that the editorial committee includes in the manuscript’s proofs at the end of the editorial process.
The journal expects its authors, reviewers, editors and staff members to all conduct themselves professionally by treating others with respect and civility. Should any sort of untoward situation arise, such as (self) plagiarism, conflicts of interest or aggressive behaviour on the author’s part, the following actions will be taken:
- Plagiarism and the republication of articles
Plagiarism is defined as the reproduction of a text or other materials found in different publications without the original source being adequately cited. Accordingly, material can still be plagiarized even when it has been tweaked or paraphrased. Plagiarism constitutes a serious ethical violation; furthermore, there can be legal ramifications for violating an author’s rights in cases where the reproduced material has been previously published. Authors who want to cite published work must do so by including complete references to the original materials and by including any quotations within quotation marks. Graphs and images can only be reproduced with the express permission of the original author and must include a citation below said image or graphic according to the rules laid out on the journal’s website. If a peer reviewer or the editorial board detects any instance of plagiarism (whether of one’s own or another’s work), the manuscript will automatically be disqualified.
- Conflicts of interest
In most instances an individual who works at the same institution as an author or one of the co-authors is automatically barred from evaluating a potential contribution. The journal’s editors must always be aware of possible conflicts of interest and are required to recuse themselves from any decision-making process, whenever there is even the appearance of a possible conflict of interest.
c) The peer-review process
Palaeohispanica employs peers to evaluate externally all contributions, with this being understood as obtaining the opinion of an established expert over the merits of every potential contribution. In addition to completing the relevant form, reviewers are expected to suggest any pertinent bibliography that was not included in the original version of the manuscript.
Furthermore, the peer-review process is double blind, meaning that both authors’ anonymity as well as the reviewers’ impartiality and independence are guaranteed. Reader reviews will be treated with the utmost confidentiality. As is the case with all respectable research journals, the editors of Palaeohispanicawill not share with a third party the identity of a peer reviewer, the contents of his or her review or any correspondence resulting from the review process. Likewise, reviewers are required to adhere to the same strict standard of confidentiality: neither manuscripts nor the contents of any correspondence between an author and the editors can be shared with a third party without the written and express consent of the journal’s editors.
While strictly speaking authors are not held to the same standards (they can, for instance, solicit advice from co-authors and colleagues as they revise and amend a manuscript in accordance with the recommendations found in a reviewer’s report), the public airing of a reviewer’s report or of the correspondence with the editorial team constitutes untoward behavior. Any author who acts in such a way will automatically forfeit his or her right to the journal’s confidentiality.
- Aggressive behaviour
Should the editorial committee be made aware of any untoward behaviour on the author’s part towards external reviewers, other authors or the journal’s editors/staff, that author’s submission will immediately be withdrawn from the consideration process.
All participants in the publication process, including editors, authors, peer reviewers, and member’s of the journal’s staff are expected to meet basic standards of professional courtesy and to respect the fundamental rules and guidelines concerning the peer-review and publication processes. Under any circumstance, personal attacks and verbal assault (whether expressed orally or through writing) are completely unacceptable. Accordingly, the journal reserves the right to reject the contribution of any author who repeatedly violates these principles or refuses to cooperate with the editors and reviewers during the normal evaluation and publication processes.
d) Editorial ethics
The editorial team at Palaeohispanica will bring an end to any dishonest research practice by submitting every proposal to a careful review process that will begin before the selection of possible peer reviewers. Should anything questionable be detected, an author will be asked to provide relevant explanations and then be told to review his/her text so as to meet the journal’s quality standards. If an author does not make the requested changes, the manuscript will not be submitted for double-blind peer review and, accordingly, will not be published. The editorial board is always available to discuss and debate with authors any misunderstanding that could have given rise to such a situation.
e) Copyright and journal access
Journal content falls under the protection of licence Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA. Access the all journal content is open and free of charge.
f) Journal archive
Given that the Institución Fernando el Católico is an established and important publishing house, it is extremely unlikely that access to the journal’s contents could be compromised in anyway within the foreseeable future. The contents of Palaeohispanica will be stored in IFC’s servers even if the journal ceases to be published.
g) Ownership and management of the journal
The journal Palaeohispanica is edited and run by the institution «Fernando el Católico», an independent entity of the Excelentísima Diputación de Zaragoza.
Names and email addresses submitted to this journal will only be used for tasks related to the journal and will not be shared with any third party or used for any other purpose.
In accordance with the Regulation UE 2016/679, information gathered by the Institución Fernando el Católico de la Excma. Diputación de Zaragoza (IFC) will be used for carrying out the functions of an academic publication, the handling of claims, appeals, complaints, suggestions, surveys as well as any other activity involved in the management of the journal.
Cubic Factory is in charge of handling said data. They can be contacted at cubic@cubicfactory.com.
Data can be given to public agencies with the relevant competencies and in case of legal obligations.
Those who are interested can exercise their rights of access, correction, suppression, limitation of the use, opposition and portability by contacting ifc@dpz.es.
Users can also go to the Agencia Española de Protección de Datos to make any complaints that they feel is necessary.
User information will be kept during the period in which it is needed to complete the task for which said information was provided in the first place or for the period necessary to comply with any legal obligations. Once a given objective has been completed, personal data that is not part of fulfillment of public service will be blocked until the applicable period has ended.
Ethical and confidentiality policy of Palaeohispanica can be consulted here.
Privacy policy
Names and email addresses submitted to this journal will only be used for tasks related to the journal and will not be shared with any third party or used for any other purpose.
In accordance with the Regulation UE 2016/679, information gathered by the Institución Fernando el Católico de la Excma. Diputación de Zaragoza (IFC) will be used for carrying out the functions of an academic publication, the handling of claims, appeals, complaints, suggestions, surveys as well as any other activity involved in the management of the journal.
Cubic Factory is in charge of handling said data. They can be contacted at cubic@cubicfactory.com.
Data can be given to public agencies with the relevant competencies and in case of legal obligations.
Those who are interested can exercise their rights of access, correction, suppression, limitation of the use, opposition and portabilityby contacting ifc@dpz.es.
Users can also go to the Agencia Española de Protección de Datos to make any complaints that they feel is necessary.
User information will be kept during the period in which it is needed to complete the task for which said information was provided in the first place or for the period necessary to comply with any legal obligations. Once a given objective has been completed, personal data that is not part of fulfillment of public service will be blocked until the applicable period has ended.
The IFC’s privacy and data protection policy can be consulted at https://tiendaifc.dpz.es/Sites/dpz/paginasPersonalizadas/Modelo2/inicio.aspx. It can also be found in the journal’s the top navigation menu: http://ifc.dpz.es/ojs/index.php/palaeohispanica/dpd
Names and email addresses submitted to this journal will only be used for tasks related to the journal and will not be shared with any third party or used for any other purpose.
In accordance with the Regulation UE 2016/679, information gathered by the Institución Fernando el Católico de la Excma. Diputación de Zaragoza (IFC) will be used for carrying out the functions of an academic publication, the handling of claims, appeals, complaints, suggestions, surveys as well as any other activity involved in the management of the journal.
Cubic Factory is in charge of handling said data. They can be contacted at cubic@cubicfactory.com.
Data can be given to public agencies with the relevant competencies and in case of legal obligations.
Those who are interested can exercise their rights of access, correction, suppression, limitation of the use, opposition and portability by contacting ifc@dpz.es.
Users can also go to the Agencia Española de Protección de Datos to make any complaints that they feel is necessary.
User information will be kept during the period in which it is needed to complete the task for which said information was provided in the first place or for the period necessary to comply with any legal obligations. Once a given objective has been completed, personal data that is not part of fulfillment of public service will be blocked until the applicable period has ended.
Ethical and confidentiality policy of Palaeohispanica can be consulted here.
Cómo citar
